Essay on Design Vehicle

Exposition on Design Vehicle Exposition on Design Vehicle Consistently we travel on a street, have you at any point thought about how the roadway is intended to oblige different sorts of vehicles? The appropriate response is utilizing the correct plan vehicle. Today I’m going to present the idea of plan vehicle. Plan vehicle is a theoretical vehicle that is utilized in the geometry structure of roadway. Why we state the structure vehicle is calculated? Since it isn't genuine vehicle, it is really a gathering of boundaries that portray the general qualities of vehicles inside a similar classification. Presently, let me show you the boundaries of a structure vehicle that impact roadway plan. The principal boundary is the tallness, it impacts the vertical freedom. For instance, on the off chance that we plan another scaffold go across the street, the tallness of the extension ought to be higher than the structure vehicle’s stature. The subsequent one is the width: it decides the width of the path and shoulder. The third one is the length: it’s used to ascertain the length of the vehicle stockpiling territory, for instance, the elite left turn path. And afterward the setup: regardless of whether the vehicle is single-unit or numerous units impact its slowing down separation and turning range. Is everyone tailing me up until now? Alright. Presently consider what number of various types of vehicles are accessible in the market. You realize we have such a large number of vehicle makers and innumerable selections of vehicles. Luckily, practically all the vehicles can be spoken to by the four sorts of plan vehicles on the image: the traveler vehicle, the transport, the truck,

Morals & Ethics in Cartoons

Top 10 Communication Tips 2011 #4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Communication Tips 2011 â€" #4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is the fourth entry in our “Top 10? list for you to consider when communicating with our office and applying. Number 4 â€" Thoroughly review our FAQ Page When it doubt about something regarding an admission issue my recommendation is first to check out our admission FAQ page.   Do not get me wrong, we love to answer email and help people out, but we also feel bad when we get backlogged and are not able to respond within the time frame we would like and the question is clearly answered on the FAQ page. Thus it is a great idea to familiarize yourself with the FAQ page.   I recommend setting aside some time to at least scan the whole page in one sitting.   This will allow you to take mental notes on all of the topics and you can revisit the page when you think of very specific topics you want to explore more deeply. Also, we try to update the FAQ page frequently.   If we find that lots of people have the same question, we try to add it to the FAQ page.   Thus do not be surprised if we direct you to the FAQ page when you email us with a question. While we do answer all emails sent to our office, you might find the answer more quickly if you perform some quick searches (CTRL-F in most browsers) on the FAQ page.

Communication Is The Process Of Conveying Messages Essay

COMMUNICATION â€Å"Communication is the process of conveying messages (facts, ideas, attitudes and opinions) from one person to another† (A, 2013) THEORY IN COMMUNICATION For the proper communication there should be, (C.E.SHANNON, 1948) (Chandler, 2007) Sender or the Source who sends the message. Message Encoding: The information which is conveyed by the sender. Channel: The manner which message is send. Receiver: Target of the communication. Message Decoding: Process of understanding the message. Feedback: The message sends by the receiver to the sender. The projects were done by the help of larger number of people. So communication flow charts were drawn for the easy assessment of responsibilities and for the proper management. There were people working in the outside of this flow chart also. It was very effective in the project for knowing which path we have to choose while communicating the messages to the employees, members, parties etc. Along with this organizational communication flow chart, it is important to define the direction of communication within the team for the better understanding. Mainly the flow of communication in a construction could be four type path (A, 2013) i. Downward Communication: The flow of communication from the top executive level to the bottom. It functions through the middle level connections within the line. ii. Upward Communication: In this the flow of communication is from the bottom to the top through the line. The main purposes of thisShow MoreRelatedThe Process of Communication Essay546 Words   |  3 Pages The Communication Process: Communication is a process where we share our feelings, ideas, thoughts, suggestion, experience, feedback, opinions, etc. It’s a dialogue in which the sharing of meaningful information are constantly coming in and going out between two or more people in order to reach an understanding. The communication process is on going activity that consists of 3 essential models, Communication as Action, Transaction Interaction. Communication as Action relatesRead MoreEffective Communication Is Vital for Sucees in Professional, Corporate, and Academic Environments579 Words   |  3 PagesEffective communication skills are vital to success in professional, corporate, and academic environments. We are evaluated daily on our ability to communicate efficiently in interactions that take place at work, as well as in our personal lives. According to Faye and Jerry Wisner, communication is the process by which we verbally or nonverbally convey a message to another person or a group of people in a way that can be received and understood. The two types of communication found to be most effectiveRead MoreReview Ofshow And Tell By Scott Mccloud1285 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Visuals in Communication There are many different ways to tell a story, but which way is the best? As mentioned by Scott McCloud, young kids read books with many pictures, and as they develop into adults, they read books with less and less pictures, but is this the best way to read stories? There is a better method to read a story, and that method is through comics. In McCloud s graphic essay Show and Tell, McCloud proves that through the use of both writing and illustrationsRead Morea project report on communication skill1147 Words   |  5 Pages PROJECT ON COMMUNICATION SKILL CONTENTS OF PROJECT - WHAT IS COMMUNICAION TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION POSITIVE SPEECH MORALITY IN COMMUNICATION ASSERTIVENESS TIME MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING GROUP COMMUNICATION Read Moreoutline the different forms of verbal and non-verbal communication1332 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages or information; as by speech, visuals, signals, written work or behaviour. It is the meaningful exchange of information between two or more living creatures. Communication requires a sender, a message and a recipient although the receiver does not have to be present or aware of the sender’s intent to communicate at the time of communication thus communication can occur across vast distances in time andRead MoreCommunication Style, Skill And Effectiveness1284 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This exposition emphasizes on the communication style, skill and effectiveness of often regarded as one of the most powerful women in the world Sheryl Sandberg. Sheryl Sandberg is chief operating officer at Facebook, overseeing the firms business operations, and founder of LeanIn.Org, a global community committed to empowering women to achieve their ambitions. To evaluate, her way of communication the videos published in 2015 have been taken for reference. In her first video, sheRead MoreGood Communication Within A Business Environment1636 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Abstract Communication is one of the most important skills that people utilize everyday. Mainly people use this to exchange ideas and develop interpersonal relationships. The specific reasons it is key to have good communication within a business environment is that it will assist in the success of a business as well as developing required professional relationships. Research has been conducted into six of the most key communication aspects that effect businesses in the previous sentences. TheseRead MoreImportance of Business Communication1271 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Business Communication In business, reputation and credibility need to be built up in order to get clients’ trust and confidence. Having a sense of professionalism will bring a lot to the business, especially in a long term relationship with employees and clients. There is a need to make sure that every business deal is attended to promptly. Business communication encompasses not only communicating with external contacts but also with employees within the organization. This willRead MoreA Brief Note On Professional Writing At Work Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional writing at work can lead to the success or failure of business, depending on the quality of the writing. As stated by Kolin (2015), for a message to be effective it must address the four keys to writing: identifying the audience, establishing the purpose, formulating the message, and selecting the appropriate style and tone for the message. This paper will address a current work scenario and describe how effective professional writing was utilized. Work Situation A regular function ofRead MoreEssay on Use and Develop Systems That Promote Communication1129 Words   |  5 PagesUse and Develop Systems that Promote Communication Communication (from Latin communis, meaning to share) is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior. Communication â€Å"is a fundamental aspect of all human relationships† and is an essential element of good care. Communication involves the sender (a care worker) and the receiver (a service user). The receiver needs

Barnhouse Effect Essay - 854 Words

Name: Glory Christian Professor: Desmond T. Burke EAC150 Date:29th July 2017 There are many different types of creature on earth but human is considered as highest among all the living creatures. Brain is the thing which makes human superior to any other living creature. Both the stories selected by me are an exceptional examples of the human brain power. Moreover the writers have used their imagination in a beautiful way to depict the stories also the stories have a hidden moral which is only known to those who really get into the core of them. One of the story is â€Å"The report on Barnhouse effect† and other one is â€Å"the secret life of Walter Mitty†. To begin with, both the stories are a beautiful work of imagination. On one hand Mitty is†¦show more content†¦This shows the whether it be subconsciously or coincidently, witty has a strong patriotic feeling inside him, which indirectly encouraged him to imagine this stuff up. While if we consider professor Arthur, he’s shown to be a true patriot in the story. The story tells that Professor Arthur comes to know about his ability during the second World War. Looking around at all the destruction caused by the war, unconsciously forces him to make a new weapon on his own. Considering the after effects of the war, Professor Arthur chooses to use his weapon to restore peace in the world. He uses his dynamo-psychism power to demolish the large amount of weapons and other things which are used in war. Which proves him to be a messenger of peace and a true patriot Both the characters are really meek and fearful. The image of Walter Mitty by others is that of a meek husband who is dominated by his wife and is not at all adventurous and seriously lacks motives and goal in his life. The way Walter perceives himself to be in his dream world is entirely different from what he is in his real life. While professor Arthur fears the destruction of the world. Declaring himself the world s first weapon with a conscience , he flees and goes into hiding. Even Though he destroys the arms and ammunitions, he is afraid that he is mortal and human life is transient. He fears that at some point of time, again the world will turn towards war like situations.Show MoreRelatedKurt Vonneguts Tragic Path to Success1128 Words   |  5 Pageshumans, at the University of Chicago, but the department rejected his Masters thesis. According to the collages rules, a piece of writing could be substituted for his essay. Twenty years later, Vonnegut displayed his writing Ca ts Cradle, and he got his degree in 1971. Vonneguts first short story, Report on the Barnhouse Effect, was published in 1950. Vonnegut has expressed some annoyance with his short stories, saying that he wrote most of them for money while working on his novels, which wereRead MoreThe Life and Writings of Kurt Vonnegut Essay2248 Words   |  9 PagesCornell University and his interests in science fictions. Even though Vonnegut was supportive of talking of the contributions of technology in the modern life, he was not quick to embrace technology in his literary works. For instance, â€Å"he typed his essays and stories on a typewriter rather than a computer; he always relied on the U.S. Postal Service rather than e-mail; and he warned repeatedly of the dangers of technological advancement,† (Farrell, p.ix) His dissenting views on technological advancement

David Hume and Naturalism Free Essays

David Hume is a naturalist, which means he believes our thoughts are not based on reason at all, but are based in nature. Hume suggests that nature is all we need to justify our beliefs. This means that we make conclusions about things around us based on habits and patterns. We will write a custom essay sample on David Hume and Naturalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hume suggests that experiences explain justifications and notions far greater than any rationalization. A part of Hume’s theory lies in the sentiment of feeling. â€Å"It must be excited by nature†¦ [and] whenever any object is presented to the memory or senses, it immediately, by the force of custom, carries the imagination to conceive that object†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hume p. 1). This means that a feeling occurs when the senses bring an object to the imagination. Nature creates being according to Hume’s naturalist ideas. According to Hume’s naturalism philosophy, humans and other animals experience nature and create feelings in very similar manners, and from similar causes. Hume emphasizes that both humans and other animals make predictions and explanations about the world, and all of this is because of experiencing nature. Discipline and education are the core of learning for animals. Animals, therefore, are not guided in these inferences by reasoning: Neither are children: Neither are the generality of mankind, in their ordinary actions and conclusions: Neither are philosophers themselves, who, in all the active parts of life, are, in the main, the same with the vulgar, and are governed by the same maxims† (Hume p. 70). Hume suggests that when animals or humans are experiencing a new situation it is actually a combination of past events they are already familiar with. Hume suggests that reasoning and argumentation cannot be trusted (Hume p. 71). Therefore, it is the senses of all beings observing nature that create emotions, thoughts, and experiences. It is also expressed in Hume’s Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding that animals have knowledge not only from observation, but also a lot from â€Å"the original hand of nature† (Hume p. 72). This could mean that animals have certain instincts given by nature that can not be controlled. Hume was in all senses a naturalist. Nature holds all answers according to Hume, and neither humans nor other animals hold the ability to create arguments and ideas without nature. How to cite David Hume and Naturalism, Papers

Applied Business Research Decision Making Methods

Question: Discuss about the Applied Business Research Decision Making Methods. Answer: Introduction: A number of relevant and effective studies have been conducted on the issuer of customer satisfaction and its effete on the profitability and productivity of an organization. As mentioned by Medjoudj et al. (2013), by reducing product or service complaints lead to greater customer loyally, which in turn leads to improved productivity by lowering the cost of making future transactions, favorable word of mouth and perhaps even a price premium. On the other hand, positive word of mouth and customer recommendations typically bring new customers to the brand (Sorescu Sorescu, 2016). Thus, as discussed by Oliver (2014), by lowing the organizational cost, collecting new customers and retaining the old ones customer satisfaction helps in increased level of profit count to an organization. As per the findings of the literature review, it can be stated that the marketers have focused on the issue of customer satisfaction at very early ages of business. As mentioned by Singh et al. (2016), pro fitability is directly concerned with customer satisfaction, as it is the way of retaining the customers and attracting new customer to the brand. Hence, by researching the case of Dick Smith, it will be possible to identify how empirically customer satisfaction induces organizational profit. Being an online retailer Dick Smith has faced issues with its profitability in 2016 (Dick Smith. com). A number of factors were identified as the cause of this financial collapse. Reduced customer satisfaction was one among them. Being an online marketer it is important for them to provide the highest level of satisfaction, as the connection with the customers is limited (Ennew et al. 2015). Hence, by investigating the issue of this company and their way of improving customer satisfaction will provide a broad idea about the selected topic. With the research questions, it will be easy to identify how the psyche of the customers can be altered in favor of a certain brand. It will be easier in generalizing the idea by researching on a singular brand. Moreover, the answers of the research questions will explore the pattern of organizational benefit can be achieved by improved customer satisfaction. As mentioned earlier, for increasing productivity and profitability, customer satisfaction is important for the organizations (Singh et al. 2016). Hence, the research question will provide an improved insight into the interrelation between customer satisfaction and increased profitability. Project implications: The research findings will be helpful for the business and research purposes. The companies, which are facing issues with customer satisfaction and consequent decreased level of profitability and productivity, will be assisted with ideas for improving the level of customer satisfaction. Moreover, the research findings will be helpful for the organizations in providing an insight into the causes of decreased level of customer satisfaction and profitability. In the case of the academic students, the research results will be helpful in providing a clear understanding of the relationship patterns between customer satisfaction, organizational productivity and increased profit count. The research findings will be available to the researchers college and the company Dick Smith. The interested parties need to obtain permission for consulting with the research paper. The research result will be helpful for the organizations for improving their profit count, reducing organizational cost and increased productivity. With the help of the research result, this group of the marketers mainly Dick Smith, will be helped in improving the organizational management and achieving the desired level of organizational profit. On the other hand, the group of students will be able to get a clear idea about the co-relation between customer satisfaction and organizational profit. Last but not the least, the group of the future researchers will also be helped by the research result, as it will be helpful for identifying the scope of further research on this particular topic as well as, for executing an extensive literature review for a certain research. Ethical approval: For the completion of this research, the approval of the Waiariki Research Committee will be obtained. Moreover, the committee provided Informed Consent guidelines of Waiariki Institute of technology will also be maintained. As the research will involve respondents, Informed Consent will be obtained. Moreover, the research result will not be disclosed to any parties not related to the research according to General Data Protection Regulation, 2016 (De Hert Papakonstantinou, 2012). All the data will be obtained by informing the respondents about the research objectives and no one not related to the topic will be engaged (zcan BalcÄÂ ±, 2016). Moreover, no data will be collected by coercing the respondents for reply and no respondents will be physically involved in the survey execution. Gantt chart: Tasks Time line Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week13 Selection of the topic Literature review Data collection Data analysis Data interpretation Presentation of the research findings Figure: Gannt chart Source: created by the author References: Medjoudj, R., Aissani, D., Haim, K. D. (2013). Power customer satisfaction and profitability analysis using multi-criteria decision making methods.International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems,45(1), 331-339. Oliver, R. L. (2014).Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Singh, H., Al-Amin, A. Q., Baroto, M. B., Jamil, R., Pazyar, M. (2016). Employee Job Satisfaction, Customer Satisfaction and Profitability in 5-Star Hotels in Kuala Lumpur.Advanced Science Letters,22(5-6), 1489-1492. Sorescu, A., Sorescu, S. M. (2016). Customer Satisfaction and Long-Term Stock Returns.Journal of Marketing,80(5), 110-115. Ennew, C. T., Binks, M. R., Chiplin, B. (2015). Customer Satisfaction and Customer Retention: An Examination of Small Businesses and Their Banks in the UK. InProceedings of the 1994 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 188-192). Springer International Publishing. zcan, M., BalcÄÂ ±, Y. (2016). Academicians Views on Research and the Ethics of Publication. De Hert, P., Papakonstantinou, V. (2012). The proposed data protection Regulation replacing Directive 95/46/EC: A sound system for the protection of individuals.Computer Law Security Review,28(2), 130-142. Dick Smith. Com (2016). Dick Smith | The Best in Tech at Amazing Prices. Dicksmith Australia. Retrieved 5 November 2016, from https://www.dicksmith.com.

Easy Guide to Learn How to Write an Informative Essay

Working on an informative essay? Don't know how to write an informative essay successfully? It is alright and, for many, it must be a new experience I agree. In this blog, we have added useful tips to help you write and format your paper properly and get ahead in your class. Quick Links 1. What is an Informative Essay? 2. How to Write an Informative Essay? 2.1 Brainstorming 2.2 Choosing the Right Topic 2.3 Making the Informative Essay Outline 2.3.1 Preparing the Introduction and Thesis Statement 2.3.2 Writing the Body Paragraphs 2.3.3 Closing the Essay 2.4 Editing and Proofreading 1. What is an Informative Essay? An informative essay does just what the name suggests. It informs the readers about a certain person, place, and event or anything that is the main topic of the essay. While writing an informative essay, the objective is to inform the reader with facts without persuading their opinion towards your point of view. Because of its descriptive and detailed nature, many college students feel that it is like the descriptive and narrative types of academic essays, however, do not be confused. It is different than those and have its own method and research material. Because an informative essay is more on informative side and you will have to be fully aware about the topic and know it inside out. When writing this essay, you main aim is to describe the topic in detail and convey the information in a clear, comprehensible, organized and easy to scan manner. These types of essays are generally written at high school and college level when students are working on their creative writing skills and learning to describe objects and things in detail. Students must learn to channel their thoughts and practice how to brainstorm and present the researched information in creative writing. 2. How to Write an Informative Essay? Writing an informative essay is just like writing any other type of essay, in terms of how the essay is divided. The sections and length is the same while the topics differ due to the nature of the paper. However, before you start writing, make sure that you have ample time and information to present in your paper. Consider having sufficient time as requirement because without sufficient time you will not be able to research the required data and add them into your essay. Following are the steps involved in writing an informative essay. 2.1 Brainstorming Brainstorming is key for a successful essay and paper. Strong writing, especially an academic assignment, needs strong and relevant data arranged and presented in well-structured way. Think about your subject, the person, place or thing, that you would like to write your essay about. Write everything down in a notebook and make important notes about how you will present this information. 2.2 Choosing the Right Topic Choosing the right topic is as important as writing the entire paper. The right chosen topic will steer your essay into the right direction and keep you focused. Most of the times, the teachers assign the topics themselves, but it is absolutely possible, that you get to choose the topics yourself. When choosing a topic for your academic paper, you should make sure that the topic has good scope. It should not be too narrow or broad. It should be interesting and engaging for your readers. Besides, you must also take care that you are presenting the facts in an appropriate design. 2.3 Making the Informative Essay Outline Making an outline is the most important step of any writing process. It is important because it directs the entire essay and keeps your focus narrow and strong. The outline must include everything and you should decide what you will discuss in your essay beforehand. 2.3.1 Preparing the Introduction and Thesis Statement An introduction is the first section of your essay. It is where the reader will know what they will get in the body of the essay. However, the introduction should not have any main ideas in it. It should present some background of the main topic and guides the reader to the thesis statement. The thesis statement is a brief one or two liner that summarizes the entire essay and present the main ideas briefly. Some students think that they can add all the details here, which is wrong. Summarizing the essence of the entire topic is important to write a strong thesis statement. It is a brief presentation of your essay and you must keep it short and to the point. 2.3.2 Writing the Body Paragraphs The body paragraphs have all the main ideas and interesting facts about the main topic. Usually, the body paragraphs are three in number but, based on the scope and requirements of the essay, the paragraphs could be increased. All the paragraphs should begin with a topic sentence and present one whole idea. All the information should be formatted and presented to help the reader understand what the essay is about. The information should be cohesive and directed to the target audience in an easy to understand language and way. 2.3.3 Conclusion The conclusion is probably the most important step in the writing process. Many students think that a conclusion does not matter. They are wrong. A conclusion is as important as an introduction. Pay attention to the main points of the essay and restate the thesis statement. Do not present any new ideas and thoughts here because you are closing your essay, not presenting new ideas here. Be brief and to the point. 2.4 Editing and Proofreading Editing and proofreading is the final and the most important step before the final submission. When writing something, it is possible that we overlook some minor mistakes. These minor mistakes lower the score. After you are done writing, go through the entire paper thoroughly. Check it for grammatical and spelling errors and plagiarism before you hand it over to your teacher. This step is important and you must not overlook it. If possible, have your friend or sibling read it for you and point out any errors. It is easier for a fresh mind to spot mistakes that you might have overlooked. Professional Essay Writing Help 5StarEssays is a professional essay writing service that specializes in providing high quality and affordable help to students. We want to help you get good grades without compromising on your lifestyle and other activities. Our aim is to help you with all your academic needs and with our writing services, we do our best to accomplish this aim.Place your order now to get a high quality paper within your deadline.

Liberalism is far better essays

Liberalism is far better essays Liberal, conservative, and libertarian. A liberal is someone who is not narrow in his or her opinions or judgments. A conservative is someone who is disposed to maintain existing views, conditions, or institutions. And finally a libertarian is someone who upholds the principles of unrestricted liberty. Of the three, liberalism is a better stance because it is better to have an open mind when forming opinions and making judgments, especially in politics liberalism is a better stance to take than conservatism and libertarianism. First and foremost, the most important issue is freedom, but also how to achieve a maximum amount of freedom. Milton Friedman best describes keeping freedom by stating, How can we keep the government we create from becoming a Frankenstein that will destroy the very freedom we establish it to protect(275). Today the conservative view may be seen as a response to social and economic programs initiated by the liberals in the past thirty years. Conservatives generally agree that the government has grown too become to large and bureaucratic, too removed from the local control; its intrusion into our lives is creating resentment, trampling on our rights, reducing personal responsibility, and stifling the economic growth that will do more for the good of our citizens than any government programs can do (236). In short the smaller, more local the government is, the better. A conservative might argue, government is a necessary evil (226). Although it has become too large, and has gained too much power, we need the government, through our tax dollars to improve roads, give college loans, help with federal disaster relief, or give farm subsidies. This is a country where people are free to pursue their own happiness. The role of the government is to protect our rights and our freedoms. Many conservatives focus on family breakdown and crime. Individuals have a certain responsibility t...

Spectrophotomertry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Spectrophotomertry - Essay Example 2. INTRODUCTION Spectrophotometry is the study of numeric calculation of the magnitude of reflection and transmittance of different materials on the basis of the incident wave length. A spectrophotometer is a device which is used to measure the values of transmittance and reflection. Spectrophotometry is used in different fields and sciences like chemistry, biochemistry, physics and materials etc. Spectrophotometry also covers the subject of spectrum and its intensity, and other related issues with changing thicknesses. This report is actually based on the application of spectrophotometry. Dektak 3 ST is used in this experiment. It is a surface profile interpreting mechanism, adequately well on to the area of measuring surface grain or texture and capable of measuring change in thickness even in microns. A diamond tip stylus is used to identify the sample characteristics. The device is enough responsive to record all surface variations. The parametric measurement through Dektak 3 ST includes area, slope, radius measurement, step height, unevenness and roughness on a sample profile. A set of data plotting and video imaging can also be retrieved by using Dektak 3 ST. All thin films on which the spectroscopic analysis is made are actually made up of tin oxide. Tin oxide is a colorless transparent, amphoteric and inorganic material. Tin oxide is widely used in ceramics and majorly in ceramics glazing. Tin oxide is also used in the production of glasses and enamels. 3. EXPERIMENT The experiment is comprised of two phases, the first one proceeds with enkd-8000 machine and the second one proceeds with Dektak 3ST. In the beginning of the phase 1 of the experiment three glasses of tin dioxide having three different thicknesses are considered. The entire glass top surfaces of all are determined with the help of voltmeter. Then every glass is taken individually and analyzed in enkd-8000 machine. During the analysis of every glass, the file is clicked with the scanning opt ion from 400 nm wavelength to 900 nm wavelength. After the selection of the wavelength the machine will take some time to analyze. Then after analysis is switched on in which performance summary information is selected. The selection will yield the CIE color space for the first glass. Now the whole process is being repeated for second and third glasses. All three analyses are made on P polarization When our analysis for P polarization is completed then any sample is selected for S polarization so a conclusion can be drawn by varying polarization. This is how the phase 1 of the experiment is completed. Considering the phase 2 of the experiment, all same three glasses of tin dioxide are used. Every glass is taken and then masked individually from the isolation tap then after zinc powder is being applied, then afterwards Hydrochloric acid is used for application on the applied zinc powder. Finally the hydrochloric acid is scrapped out and then samples are washed out. After this process if the glasses appear clean then apply acetone on it then again wash it with the help of water and then glass is being dried out. The same process is repeated for all three glasses. Dektak3ST machine is used to measure the thickness of all the samples of three glasses. The samples are positioned in the machine one by one. The run option is clicked by the mouse, and then scan option is clicked

The Impact of WACC on Capital Budgeting and Structure Essay

The Impact of WACC on Capital Budgeting and Structure - Essay Example The first step is to prepare comprehensive cash flow estimate information for the project under consideration. This step is then followed by forecasting a suitable discount rate to be used in the evaluation of the net present value (NPV). "This discount rate is the return required by the investors to compensate for handing over their capital to the company. It is also known as the company's hurdle or weighted average cost of capital (WACC)."(singh 2005. 26) According to Donald Riggin of Albert Risk Management Consultants, "The weighted average cost of capital is the company's cost of maintaining capital, of owning capital." (2007. Para.4) theoretically speaking, both the concept and its importance as a company's performance measure are very well established. In fact, the company's failure to make up its debt cost is considered by many experts to be the most obvious crisis indicator. The accuracy of the WACC calculations are extremely important to avoid such scenarios as they assist the administration determining projects that are most suitable for the company.

SWOT Analysis | What is SWOT Analysis? | Examples of SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis | What is SWOT Analysis? | Examples of SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis was originally conceived and developed in the 1960s and its basic organising principles have remained largely unchanged in the field of strategic management since that time (Kotler et al., 2013). It is, as Ghazinoory, Abdi and Azadegan-Mehr (2011) comment, a systematic framework which helps managers to develop their business strategies by appraising the internal and external determinants of their organisation’s performance. Internal environmental factors include leadership talent, human resource capabilities, the company’s culture as well as the effectiveness of its policies and procedures. In contrast, external factors include competition, government legislation, changing trends, and social expectations (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008). The SWOT analysis framework involves analysing the strengths (S) and weaknesses (W) of the business’s internal factors, and the opportunities (O) and threats (T) of its external factors of performance (Ghazinoory, Abdi and Azadegan-Mehr, 2011). Through this analysis, the weaknesses and strengths within a company can correspond to the opportunities and threats in the business environment so that effective strategies can be developed (Helms and Nixon, 2010). It follows from this, therefore, that an organisation can derive an effective strategy by taking advantage of its opportunities by using its strengths and neutralise its threats by minimising the impact of its weaknesses. Moreover, SWOT analysis can be applied to both a whole company as well as a specific project within a company in order to identify new company strategies and appraise project feasibility. Hollensen (2010) asserts that the strengths and weaknesses of a company relate to its internal elements such as resources, operational programmes and departments such as sales, marketing and distribution. More specifically, a strength is an advantageous – or even unique – skill, competency, product, or service that a business or project possesses that allows it to create competitive advantages. This may include abstract concepts, such as its possession of strong research and development capabilities. A weakness on the other hand is a strategic disadvantage, such as a skill that the business or project lacks which limits it and creates potential risks in negative economic conditions. Achieving a balance between such positives and negatives is therefore a necessary pre-requisite for any company and it is also imperative that a company continues to review its strengths and weaknesses to take account for changes in its internal environment (Kotler et al., 2013). An opportunity is, as Henry (2011) comments, a desirable condition which can be exploited to consolidate and strengthen a strategic position. Examples of this phenomenon would include growing demand for a trendy new product which it could consider selling, such as that announced by Burger King relating to the introduction of a black cheeseburger (Molloy, 2014). A threat on the other hand, is a condition that creates uncertainties which could potentially damage an organisation’s performance or market share (Henry, 2011). Threats include the introduction of new competing products or services, foreign competition, technological advancements, and new regulations. Examples of the fear of such external factors can be noted in the comments of companies planning to relocate their headquarters and registration bases from Scotland to England in the event of a ‘yes’ vote in the Scottish referendum in September 2014 (Wright, Titcombe and Spence, 2014). Therefore, a company needs to develop strategies to overcome these threats in order to prevent the loss of its market share, reputation, or profit. It must be noted, however, that opportunities and threats exist in the environment and therefore are often beyond the control of the organisation – but they do offer suggestions for strategic direction. SWOT analysis, as a result, demands a great deal of research into an organisation’s present and future position (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008). The results of SWOT analysis provide a useful source of information from which an organisation can go on to develop policies and practices which allow it to build upon its strengths, diminish its weaknesses, seize its opportunities, and make contingency plans or measures to eradicate or curtail threats, as Kotler et al. (2013) observe. SWOT analysis is widely used by managers because of its simplicity (Hollensen, 2010). It is used as a planning tool that can be adapted to a range of situations and projects. Whilst it is not the only technique available to managers, it can often be the most effective if used properly (Henry, 2011). The basis for a SWOT analysis is usually drawn from an audit review as well as from independently carried out interviews with staff and customers. Data is then analysed to arrive at a list of issues which can be categorised into strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The key issues and company activities are then reassessed through protracted discussions between managers and reduced further to identify the most important issues and the potential impact that they could have on the organisation. If too many issues are included in the analysis, there will be a lack of focus in the development of a new company strategy and thus it is important to ensure that such discussions focus on a limited number of factors (Ghazinoory, Abdi and Azadegan-Mehr, 2011). Additionally, the issues considered should be made in view of customer opinions and perceptions, which would therefore require objectivity. Ideally, a company should carry out a SWOT analysis on a regular basis in order to assess its situation against its competitors in a constantly evolving market environment (Fernie and Moore, 2013). According to Stalk, Evans and Schulman (1992, p. 62), â€Å"the essence of strategy is not the structure of a company’s products and markets but the dynamics of its behaviour†. It is also recommended that an organisation should develop and undertake SWOT analysis on its competitors so that it is able to take into account consumer perceptions and determinants of their buying behaviour. This is particularly the case with issues such as quality, in which perceptions may be more powerful than reality (Kaplan and Norton, 2008). In today’s highly competitive and fast changing market environment, managers may make a grave error when evaluating their company’s resources; that is, not to assess them relative to the competition (Kotler et al., 2013). A competitive analysis as part of the SWOT framework is always necessary in order to determine an organisation’s position in the wider market. Thus, for example, if a project or business strength is the amount of capital it has to invest in improved IT functionality, this may not be the case if its competitor is investing double this amount to improve its own IT functionality. Thus, it is no longer a strength but rather a weakness for the company. The same competitive analysis should also be taken into account when assessing opportunities and threats, as it depends on the relative situation of the competing businesses (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008). McDonald (1989, p. 16) states that the â€Å"SWOT device†¦ whilst potentially a very powerful, analytical device, is rarely used effectively†, and recommends using a summary from a marketing audit to arrive at a sound SWOT analysis; the analysis must be conducted rigorously so that it prioritises the issues of paramount importance. Further, McDonald suggests keeping it focused on critical factors only and to maintain a list of differential strengths and weaknesses in comparison to competitors, concentrating mainly on competitive advantages. Additionally, only critical external opportunities and threats should be listed with a focus on the real issues. Finally, according to McDonald (1989), the reader of the SWOT analysis should be left with the main issues encompassing the business to the extent that they are able to derive and develop marketing objectives from them. At the end of the analysis, the organisation is left with reasons behind their choices as well as their potential impacts, which provides them with a stronger basis from which to form future strategic decisions. Example of a SWOT analysis of the McDonald’s Corporation Strengths Open door policy to the press Ceres guidance and co-ordination and active CSR Selective supply chain strategy Rigorous food safety standards Affordable prices and high quality products Nutritional information on packaging Decentralised yet connected system Innovative excellence programme Promoting ethical conduct Profitable Weaknesses Inflexible to changes in market trends Difficult to find and retain employees Drive for achieving shareholder value may counter CSR Promote unhealthy food Promoted CSR meat imports in error Opportunities Attractive and flexible employment Positive environmental commitments Higher standards demanded from suppliers Corporate responsibility committee Honest and real brand image Threats Fabricated stories about the quality of chicken Unhealthy foods for children Health concerns surrounding beef, poultry, and fish Labour exploitation in China CSR at the risk of profit loss Contributor to global warming Local fast food restaurants Political instability (e.g. Russia) Strengths Open door policy to the press At times of wider national food scandals, for instance those related to BSE, McDonald’s operated an open door policy, allowing the press into a limited number its restaurants and suppliers (Vrontis and Pavlou, 2008). This was done as a deliberate measure to reassure the public of the safety of McDonald’s. Ceres guidance and co-ordination, and active CSR McDonald’s, as Valax (2012) notes, co-ordinates with employees, investors, environmental and corporate social responsibility (CSR) organisations, such as Ceres, to improve its social and environmental programmes. As a result of such policies, McDonald’s can be seen to be continually updating its profile to take account of changes in consumer preferences – keeping the firm relevant and allied to the desires of its customers. Selective supply chain strategy McDonald’s works to ensure that its suppliers meet or exceed safety and quality standards as well as complying with best practice with reference to a sustainable food supply and animal welfare (Deng, 2009). Indeed, its recent advertisement campaigns have laid a premium on the traceability of products used. Rigorous food safety standards McDonald’s, as Vrontis and Pavlou (2008) observe, works hard to ensure that high food safety standards are met through training, food, safety and quality and menu development in each restaurant. This filters through to its partners, ensuring that they operate ethically and meet social responsibility standards. The high training required can also be noted by reference to its endorsement of specific qualifications and training for staff – thereby adding value to its workforce (Valax, 2012). Affordable prices and high quality products McDonald’s is an efficient provider of high quality foodstuffs and always seeks to offer the best value to its customers, as noted by its 99p ‘value’ range (Harnack et al., 2008). Nutritional information available on packaging McDonald’s was one of the first fast food restaurants to disclose nutritional information on its packaging and continues to seek new ways in which it can provide nutrition and balanced active lifestyles for its customers (Harnack et al., 2008). Indeed, there are sections of the corporate website specifically tailored to this data. Decentralised yet connected system McDonald’s provides a core system of values, principles and standards which managers adhere to in combination with its â€Å"Freedom within the Framework† programme, which provides them with the flexibility to respond to the diversity of its customers and local markets (McDonald’s Corporation, 2013). Innovative excellence programme McDonald’s employs an array of mystery shoppers who visit premises pretending to be customers. They inspect the premises as customers and rate them accordingly. Many restaurants provide customer comment contact numbers and employee satisfaction surveys. It may also be noted, though anecdotally, that the firm responds quickly to mistakes and problems raised with area managers. Promoting ethical conduct McDonald’s works hard to maintain its integrity with its shareholders through open channels of communication (McDonald’s, 2013). Profitable McDonald’s is profitable, as Wallop (2014) comments, with sufficient capital. This allows it to grow and realise gains on its investments. Thus, McDonald’s is able to offer help to charities as well as itself when in need. Weaknesses Inflexible to changes in market trends If customer trends move towards eating in a more eco-friendly or organically-oriented manner, McDonald’s would be unable to follow this trend without changing suppliers and incurring significant financial losses (Wallop, 2014). McDonald’s could consider the introduction of new products with the aid of market research, in coming years, to prepare them for such potential change. Difficult to find and retain employees McDonald’s has had hostile relationships with unions and, although this has been controlled, the company does find it difficult to find and retain good employees (Valax, 2012). The company can build on its reputation for developing top level managers by further increasing its graduate recruitment portfolio. Drive for achieving shareholder value may counter CSR When McDonald’s profits fall, its stock price often falls as well; as a consequence, it is often forced to take drastic action to resolve the problem. (Wallop, 2014) This often relates to issues of social and environmental responsibility. McDonald’s could be more proactive in finding more long-term CSR suppliers and processes that provide lower costs and higher profit margins, rather than being reactive. Promotion of unhealthy food Despite providing healthier product varieties, McDonald’s continues to sell burgers that have 850 calories in them. . This could continue to harm its reputation as an unhealthy fast food provider. McDonald’s could research ways to reduce the calories in its products whilst still maintaining their taste, or at the least provide low calorie burger options. Much progress has been made in this arena – but it is suggested that more needs to be done (Harnack et al., 2008). Promoted CSR meat imports in error McDonald’s claimed to provide meat from socially and environmentally responsible sources, but a court case found that meat had been imported from Latin America, where rainforests were cleared to create green fields for cattle (Deng, 2009). Where McDonald’s carries out CSR processes or investments, it may wish to consider carrying out random checks to ensure their standards are continually met, to minimise embarrassing press. Opportunities Attractive and flexible employment McDonald’s offers a variety of job opportunities and is proud to say that 42% of its top managers first started by serving customers (McDonalds, 2013). That the company offers a selection of different shift patterns as well as employee benefits can be seen as further reasons as to why McDonald’s attracts employees. Positive environmental commitments McDonald’s incorporates environmental commitments in its daily operations, from the use of environmentally friendly products in maintaining daily ‘drive-thru’ cleaning, to providing sustainable fish sources, to using recycled packaging (McDonald’s, 2013). It was also a pioneer of using bio-diesel and recycling fat from its fryers into a form of fuel. Higher standards demanded from suppliers McDonald’s sets the standards it demands from suppliers for low cost high quality, socially responsible supplies, in return for a long-term business commitment (Yuece, 2012). Corporate Responsibility Committee McDonald’s has a standing Corporate Responsibility Committee that acts as an advisor to its Board of Directors (McDonald’s, 2013). Honest and real brand image McDonald’s has built and maintains a trusting relationship with its shareholders and customers through truthful marketing and communications (Harnack et al., 2008). Threats Fabricated stories about the quality of chicken Emails and websites have published fabricated information that McDonald’s is using ‘monster-chickens’ in its products. McDonald’s could build on its open door policy with the press and apply it to the web, to combat false distribution of information (Kaplan and Norton, 2008). Unhealthy foods for children If competitors begin to offer premium healthy alternatives for children with small gifts to encourage them to eat healthy, this would be a significant threat to McDonald’s (Kotler et al., 2013). McDonald’s positive strategy to provide a range of healthy products could include further healthy products for children in addition to its present offering of carrot sticks. Health concerns surrounding beef, poultry, and fish There are various initiatives working against hormone induced cows and other issues such as bird flu epidemics and heavy metal levels in fish that could reduce McDonald’s sales and cause profits and its share price to fall (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008). McDonald’s could use its purchasing power to its advantage to source supplies that have proven health benefits. McDonald’s greater work with local farmers in the UK with regard to the sourcing of beef and eggs can be seen as a step in the right direction in this regard. Labour exploitation in China Chinese manufacturers exploit labour in their production of ‘Happy Meal’ toys (Valax, 2012). McDonald’s could use its purchasing power to its advantage to demand that manufacturers provide toys without exploiting labour. CSR at the risk of profit loss If share prices and profitability are under pressure, managers will inevitably seek to resolve it at the risk of a CSR issue (Ceres, n.d.). Contributor to global warming McDonald’s is the largest consumer of beef in the world. Greenfields used to supply this beef comes at the expense of rainforests, heavy use of chemicals, fertilisers and pesticides (Ceres, n.d.). McDonald’s could use its purchasing power to its advantage to source CSR suppliers. Local fast food restaurants Local restaurants which are less environmentally threatening than McDonald’s and have less purchasing power may have better reputations with local suppliers and customers (Wallop, 2014). Political instability Political instability can be a threat to the secure and continued operation of a business. Even if local staff are employed, a tense political situation can cause areas of operation to be closed, in the short- or long-term. An example of this relates to McDonald’s in the Crimea and in Russia; for the foreseeable future, McDonald’s restaurants are closed in the Crimea as a result of the Russian invasion. In retaliation, Russia has temporarily closed a number of McDonald’s restaurants in Russia (Wallop, 2014). From the above SWOT of McDonald’s and the summary that follows it, it can be seen how, by highlighting its position, an organisation can identify areas that could be strengthened, seize opportunities, minimise threats and diminish or eliminate weaknesses. In summary, a SWOT analysis provides a systematic framework for appraising an organisation’s internal and external position. It is a useful tool but it must be constantly updated to enable the company to keep abreast of developments and change its strategies accordingly. Whilst it may be difficult for management to resolve all of the weaknesses and threats highlighted, the company is at least made aware of them through the conducting of a SWOT analysis and can refer to them when implementing future strategies. The McDonald’s SWOT analysis case study highlighted several CSR threats and weaknesses whilst simultaneously highlighting strengths, such as its strong purchasing power which could potentially be used to demand more socially responsible production techniques from its Chinese manufacturers and meat suppliers. It also showed how a more proactive and longer-term approach to its strategies can help it to anticipate changing consumer tastes and demands (Yuece, 2012). Bibliography Ceres (n.d.). Mobilizing business leadership for a sustainable world. Boston, MA: Ceres. Collins, R. (2010). A graphical method for exploring the business environment. Oxford University Working Paper 956. Coman, A. and Ronen, B. (2009). Focused SWOT: Diagnosing critical strengths and weaknesses. International Journal of Production Research, 47(20), pp. 5677-5689. Deng, T. (2009). McDonald’s new communication strategy on changing attitudes and lifestyle. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 1(1), pp. 37-39. Fernie, S. and Moore, C. (2013). Principles of retailing. Abingdon: Routledge. Ghazinoory, S., Abdi, M. and Azadegan-Mehr, M. (2011). SWOT methodology: A state-of-the-art review for the past, a framework for the future. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12(1), pp. 24-48. Harnack, L.J., French, S.A., Oakes, J.M., Story, M.T., Jeffery, R.W. and Rydell, S.A. (2008). Effects of calorie labelling and value size pricing on fast food meal choices: Results from an experimental trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(1), 63-81. Helms, M.M. and Nixon, J. (2010). Exploring SWOT analysis – Where are we now?: A review of academic research from the last decade. Journal of Strategy and Management, 3(3), pp. 215-251. Henry, A. (2011). Understanding strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hollensen, S. (2010). Marketing management: A relationship approach. Harlow: Pearson Education. Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring corporate strategy: Text cases (8th edn). Harlow: Pearson Education. Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (2008). The execution premium: Linking strategy to operations for competitive advantage. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Press. Koen, P.A., Bertels, H.M. and Elsum, I.R. (2011). The three faces of business model innovation: challenges for established firms. Research-Technology Management, 54(3), 52-59. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Harris, L.C. and Piercy, N.F. (2013). Principles of marketing (6th edn). Harlow: Pearson. McDonald, M.H. (1989). Ten barriers to marketing planning. Journal of Marketing Management, 5(1), 1-18. McDonald’s Corporation (2013). Annual report, 2013. Oak Brook, IL: McDonald’s Corporation. Molloy, M. (2014). Burger King introduces black burger with charcoal cheese in Japan. The Telegraph, 11th September. Stalk, G., Evans, P. and Schulman, L.E. (1992). Competing on capabilities: The new rules of corporate strategy. Harvard Business Review, 70(2), pp. 57-69. Valax, M. (2012). Beyond McDonalds CSR in China: Corporation perspective and report from case studies on a damaged employment reputation. Asian Business Management, 11(3), 347-366. Vrontis, D. and Pavlou, P. (2008). The external environment and its effect on strategic marketing planning: A case study for McDonalds. Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 3(3), pp. 289-307. Wallop, H. (2014). Has the world fallen out of love with McDonald’s? Daily Telegraph, 23rd July. Wright, B., Titcombe, J. and Spence, P. (2014). Scotland’s biggest companies reveal ‘Yes’ exodus plans. The Telegraph, 11 th September. Yuece, I. (2012). SWOT analysis of McDonald’s and derivation of appropriate strategies. Munich: GRIN-Verlag.

Computerized Physician Order Entry Essay

CPOE stands for Computerized Physician Order Entry and it is the feature of the electronic health record that improves quality of care, patient safety, and clinical efficiency. The CPOE can help the improvement of the medical workflow process in many kinds of ways. This is because the CPOE monitors any generating of related orders, any duplicate orders, prevent lost orders, eliminates any errors due to handwriting that is hard to read, reduce medication errors, reduce time that is spent filling orders, and improve productivity in the doctor’s office. Results that are computerized improve the medical workflow process because it eliminates any lagging time that is spent. This leaves more time for the patient to spend more time with the doctor and be treated faster. These results are easier to access rather than flipping through paper file. Having these improvements are beneficial to the patient. CPOE protects all patients because it helps reduces the medication errors of drug allergies, dosage issues, and interactions with drug to drug. With Computerized Physician Order Entry systems it detects all interactions and allergies and alerts them to the pharmacy. Once the alert comes in, the pharmacist will call the doctor and get it fixed before anything seriously bad would happen when the patient takes their medication. Thanks to CPOE, all these alerts help with saving lives. There are many benefits that come with the CPOE. One benefit is that it improves all documentation that is received by the ancillary department in the medical field. It reduces the mistakes that are made with the misinterpretation of prescription orders. With the CPOE, there is no need for re-entry of any data into the system of the ancillary department. Another great benefit is that it reduces all medical errors dealing with medications. When it comes to the medical field, CPOE helps catch all drug allergies that patients may have and any drug to drug interactions. The CPOE is the best benefit that a patient can have. The CPOE is so efficient that it allows doctors to spend more time treating patients instead of writing notes in the patient’s files. The doctor has more time to come up with a treatment plan for the patient and they would be able to sit there to explain it to them better. The CPOE can be time consuming and cost money. Once a medical facility passes the time and the cost then they would see the great benefits to the facility and to their patients. In conclusion, the Computerized Physician Order Entry will help with the improvement of a facility’s safety and care standards. That would give the patients satisfaction of their doctor and their treatment. The medical facility would also appreciate how easy the system is to use and the medical personnel would appreciate how much time they are saving with the system so they can attend to important matters. Technology in the medical field is going to continue to grow every year and it will focus on the patients and the medical staff.

Leni Riefenstahl Essay

Some people are swept along by events. Some individuals use events to advantage. How accurate is this statement in relation to the personality you have studied? â€Å"Leni Riefenstahl exploits events and other people to serve her own egotistical, obsessive and selfish ambition. † Leni Riefenstahl was born on the 22nd of August 1902 in Berlin. Her full name was Helene Amalie Bertha Riefenstahl. She accomplished a lot during her 101 years of living. She had successful careers as a dancer, actress, director, producer, editor, photographer, author, and mountain climber, as well as one of the world’s oldest active scuba divers. Furthermore, she has been induced as one of The 100 Most Influential Women of All Time. However her accomplishments will always be frowned upon given her association with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Riefenstahl had been known to edit scenes from her life, alter details and omit events to suit her purposes. She did this so others would see her as flawless. This has been proven by her quote â€Å"reality doesn’t interest me†. When considering the above thesis statement, 2 differing perspectives arise. The first supports the thesis and is that Riefenstahl was so driven to be worldly famous and recognised that she didn’t care what the cost. The second objects the thesis and is that Riefenstahl could not have possibly predicted the purpose and effects of her films, or Hitler’s intentions for world domination. An historian who supports the first perspective is Steven Bach. In ‘The life and work of Leni Riefenstahl’ he argues that Riefenstahl was obsessed with her career and moulding her image, and that these things are the keys to understanding her behaviour throughout her life. He believes she knew more about Nazism than she would have liked people to believe. An historian who supports the second view is Audrey Salkeld. In ‘A portrait of Leni Riefenstahl’ she argues that much of the condemnation of Riefenstahl came from hindsight. According to Salkeld, Riefenstahl could not have known of the horrors that occurred under Nazism. Three influential events during Riefenstahl’s lifetime that create debate in relation to the thesis are; the direction of â€Å"Tiefland†, The Nuremburg rallies movies (Victory of faith, and Triumph of the will), and her documentary of the Berlin Olympics (Olympia). Tiefland Tiefland is a 1954 film that Leni Riefenstahl scripted, directed, starred in, and edited. She began developing the script in 1934, and shot the movie between 1940 and 1944. The film, however, was not completed by the end of World War II and eventually was finalized and released on February 11, 1954. The film was set in Spain, and so Riefenstahl needed people who looked of Spanish decent to play extras in the film. She cast a group of gypsies that were being held in a camp. These Gypsies were destined for Auschwitz, and many that appeared in the film were later murdered in concentration camps. Riefenstahl’s decision to use these extras formulates a debate. It again links back to the thesis and the points of views which arise from it. One perspective is in support of the thesis and is that Riefenstahl used the Gypsies inhumanly or immorally as she knew of their destiny, but used them anyway to create some sort of realism or authenticity to her film. Steven Bach is in support of this perspective and points out in his feature document ‘The puzzle of Leni Riefenstahl’, that Riefenstahl had publicly claimed to have seen ‘all the Gypsies who worked on Tiefland after the war. Nothing happened to a single one of them’. However, this is not true. In reality, of 48 Gypsies who can be documented, 20 died in Nazi concentration camps, most of them in Auschwitz to which they were transported almost directly from the film set. The other perspective objects to the thesis and is that Riefenstahl had no choice in using the Gypsies as extras and the decision to use them was that of the SS and was out of her control. It also says that Riefenstahl did not know of their destiny. This perspective is supported by the fact that after the war, in 1949, the tribunal that investigated Riefenstahl’s activities during the war declared she was innocent. The court stated that although there were rumours that Leni Riefenstahl used Gypsies from concentration camps for her film Tiefland,  ¬and that most of them had been killed in gas chambers, the judges found no reason to believe this and Riefenstahl was acquitted for this point once and forever. However, no gypsy who had served as an extra was present at that time in the court and with time some started to talk. Indeed, there were few survivors; many stated that family members who had played in the film had been gassed in Auschwitz shortly after having worked with Riefenstahl. The Nuremburg Rallies Films Victory of Faith was the first documentary film Leni Riefenstahl directed. She was hired despite opposition from Nazi officials who resented employing a woman and a non-Party member for that matter. Her film recounts the Fifth Party Rally of the Nazi Party, which occurred in Nuremberg from 30 August to 3 September 1933. Triumph of the Will was the other Nuremburg rally propaganda film made by Leni Riefenstahl. It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg. The film contains excerpts from speeches given by various Nazi leaders at the Congress, most notably, portions of speeches by Adolf Hitler. The central theme of the film is the return of Germany as a great power, with Hitler as the True German Leader who will bring glory to the nation. Triumph of the Will was released in 1935 and rapidly became one of the best-known examples of propaganda in film history. After many years of people viewing the two Nuremburg rally movies ‘Victory of Faith and Triumph of the will’, two perspectives arise in relation to Riefenstahl’s contribution and purpose. The first perspective, which supports the thesis, is that Riefenstahl created the films knowing of their propaganda intent and potential. She took advantage of the success and popularity of the Nazis at the time, and willingly and purposely created the propaganda films to further her credentials as a film maker and to make her name well known. Author Ken Webb is in support of this perspective and in his book ‘Leni Riefenstahl 1902-2003’ (part of the ‘everything you wanted to know about†¦ but were to afraid to ask’ series. ) makes the argument that, â€Å"Riefenstahl’s film was a clear promotion of the Fuhrer Cult. A major piece of Nazi propaganda was the presentation of Hitler as a special kind of leader, capable of ending the depression, restoring German pride and leading the country into a great future. The film’s only star is Hitler. His adoring fans are there to merely worship and stare in reverential awe. The other perspective that emerges, objects to the thesis, and is that the films were not made under the intentions for Nazi propaganda, but rather just brilliant documentaries with skilful camera and film techniques that inspired people. Audrey Salkeld is in support of this view and argues that it is unfair to judge Riefenstahl through the benefit of hindsight. In 1934, no-one knew that Hitler’s regime would kill 6 million people. Riefenstahl’s films say next to nothing about racist dogma and political persecution, and Salkeld argues that it is because the rally did not do this. Salkeld also refers to Riefenstahl’s statement in Ray Muller’s 1993 film that ‘Triumph of the will’ could not be propaganda because there was no commentary telling people what to think. However, this only means that the pictures speak for themselves, and what do they say? Well according to Salkeld â€Å"She may not have set out to glorify Hitler†¦ but her feelings for him at the time were so worshipful that she could portray him only through the shining eyes of admiration†¦ the Fuhrer represented†¦ this is what she filmed. † Olympia  The International Olympic Committee granted Berlin the 1936 Olympic Games in 1931. When Hitler became chancellor in January 1933, his initial reaction was to condemn the Olympic Games as an evil invention by Jews. The minister of propaganda and enlightenment, Josef Goebbels, however convinced and informed Hitler of the media potential, and the chance to advertise to the world the successes of the new Nazi regime. This lead to the birth and was the basis of Riefenstahl’s sports documentary/propaganda film ‘Olympia,’ which premiered in Berlin on the 20th of April 1938. Like Riefenstahl’s other documentaries under the Nazi regime, this one strikes debate whether it was propaganda for Nazi ideology, or just another innocent documentary which others interpreted it as propaganda. The perspective that ‘Olympia’ was no doubt a piece of Nazi propaganda is in support of the thesis as it debates that Riefenstahl compromised her moral integrity for her own benefits and successes. Author Ken Webb is in support of this view and in his book ‘Leni Riefenstahl 1902-2003’ (part of the ‘everything you wanted to know about†¦ ut were to afraid to ask’ series. ) makes the argument that, ‘ despite its technical brilliance, it was really nothing more than a piece of Nazi propaganda. The aim of the film was to present the essence of the Nazi message, which was the primacy of race. ’ The point of view that it was just another documentary, maintains that it was just a film trying to capture the essence of Aryan superiority and the beauty of the human race. This view is in contrast to the thesis. Rainer Rother is one who believes that the film is not of Nazi propaganda. He argues that the â€Å"fascist aspects of Riefenstahl’s films do not necessarily conform to the definition of fascist art as, above all, ‘a utopian aesthetics’ – that of physical perfection. † Rother challenges the view that the film is fascist art. He claims that although Riefenstahl definitely celebrates beauty and athleticism, he then asks, that don’t the images appear too smooth? He then argues that the images as a result of being ‘too smooth’ suppress any actual effort. He questions â€Å"Can Riefenstahl’s films really contribute much to the ideologization of events which are already empathically ideological in their own right†? In rebut to the above argument, indeed the idea of the filming was to capture the beauty of the human race, and this was the prime force behind the Nazi regime. Further evidence to rebut the argument in the previous paragraph, is that the financing of her film came under the control of Goebbels’ propaganda ministry. Therefore, it makes no sense that the Nazis would give Riefenstahl 1. 5 million marks to finance a film, unless the film was for Nazi purposes, which was to create a propaganda film for them.

shopping motivation towards online - 2272 Words

Content 1 Introduction 2 Definition 3Motivations to shop for luxury products online 3.1 Time saving and convenience 3.2 Cheaper price 3.3 A wide variety of commodities 4 Disadvantages of online shopping 4.1 The product quality can not be guarantee 4.2 Online payment is not secure 4.3Customer legitimate rights hard to safeguard 5 UK online retailing market 6 Summary Analysing Online Consumer Shopping Motivations For luxury Product 1 Introduction 20th century is the era of rapid technological development, scientific and technological progress and development has brought great innovation to people’s daily life. The most significant change is the development of†¦show more content†¦people no longer need to visit the shop for maybe whole day only to find the product they want, instead they just need to enter the keyword of their desired productï ¼Å'network will list a series of related products. Furthermore the online shopping industry keeps growing and more products are made available online. You can now find all kinds of goods on the internet and you can purchase the items you want just with few clicks. 3.2 Cheaper price Price and financial considerations have always been a shopping motivation(Tatzel,1982) Rintamaki also mentioned that â€Å"Saving money is a primarily utilitarian dimension of online shopping motivations† (Rintamaki et al. 2006) The online shopping channel allows retailers to save on output costs(Miller,2000) and reduce their product prices so as to be competitive when compared quickly and easily online( Forsythe and Shi,2003) online shopping is different from the traditional shopping mall, it does not require stores, traditional retail stores need to rent stores to display goods, and also need to hire salesmen and store managers to sell the goods and manage the store. retail stores are generally selected location near the city center where the rent is more expensive, especially for luxury stores. The decoration of luxury stores are very luxurious, and the wages of its staff and managers is higher than ordinary industry salesman, which virtually increase the cost of the produc t . In some developing countriesShow MoreRelatedOnline Purchase Motivation Behaviors From Conscientious Shoppers Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagesis the stated research question or problem? The stated research question from Jen-Hung Huang’s and Yi-Chun Yang’s article titled, The Relationship between Personality traits and Online Shopping Motivations, observes the different purchasing behaviors from Conscientious shoppers and Extravert shoppers while shopping online. Furthermore, the article addresses that various speculations have followed the behaviors of Conscientious shoppers and Extraverts shoppers regarding how these type of shoppers areRead MoreOnline Shopping : Developing Countries1017 Words   |  5 Pagestransformed how retailers and buyers meet at the market place through physical and online purchases, distribution of products and services(Bashir, 2013). Although deemed to be a familiar channel for success and growth in developed countries, online shopping is still considered an innovation in developing countries like Tanzania (Mlelwa, 2015; Zaied, 2012) According to Katawetawaraks Wang(2011) online shopping has facilitated the presence of many foreign companies looking to boost their brandRead MoreLiterature Review On The Field Of Online Shopping1187 Words   |  5 Pagesincludes reading research papers to get a clearer image of recent advancements in the field of Online shopping . In-fact we believe research is the most essential phase of our project because this is the first time we are working on this particular type of project and it’s a challenge for us. So, to make ourselves feel comfortable with this project it was quite necessary for us to understand Online shopping its various application and the ongoing researches in this field. Literature review is an essentialRead MoreThe Spread Of Internet Usage1725 Words   |  7 Pagesthe retail sector. As can be seen, many retailers began to use online channels, as they take advantage of one of the most successful platforms of trade (Limayem et al., 2000; Levy and Weitz, 2001; Shim et al., 2001). The growth of new online shopping channels catches the attention of consumers who have become excited to try this new platform. Although Internet shopping channels seem to be growing, the growth of grocery shopping via online has been slower than other forms of retail (Yan and OpperwalRead MoreThe Expansion Of The World Wide Web987 Words   |  4 Pagesresulted in the creation in a new form of retail transactions; Online shopping. (Shim, Quereshi and Siegel 2000) define Web Shopping as the process consumers go through to purchase products over the internet. (Alba et al 1997) defines it from a consumer view point as, web shopping allows web shoppers to search and compare var ious products or services over the internet that are located in different parts of the world. Online shopping can be accessed from a variety of different devices now not onlyRead MoreAnalyzing Online Shopping Essay1421 Words   |  6 Pages 2.1 Shopping is made more convenient One of the main advantages of online shopping to the consumers is the convenience of being able to shop anywhere and anytime. Online stores can be easily accessed by any device which can connect to the internet. With online shopping, it is entirely possible to shop in the wee hours of the morning, while still on bed as online stores almost never close. An individual only has to log onto a particular website, add the items they want to purchase into their shoppingRead MoreResearch on Patterns of Online Consumer Behavior1374 Words   |  6 PagesIn an analysis of the consumer behavior online, with focus group as young adults aged between eighteen and thirty-four interested in buying a mobile phone or a related product ,Petrovic Dejan explained that the most relevant behavioral characteristics of online consumers and examine several ways they find, evaluate and compare product’s information. Comparison of the freshly collected surveyed data with the present existing consumer be havior theory resulted in number of issues related to a specificRead MoreImpact Of Internet On Modern Business1699 Words   |  7 Pagesthose processes easier. Internet connects the people all around the world and plays an important role in the development of those aspects. This development also affected the way people use the internet in their daily activities, especially in the online shopping behavior. The objective of this paper is to observe and analyze the internet impacts on modern business presented in the three articles attached. This paper specifically written to examine the effects of internet on consumer behavior pattern.Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book Affluenza How Overconsumption Is Killing Us1246 Words   |  5 Pagesup with the Joneses† whether it be from advertisment, longer shopping hours, or multiple other factors. A surprising statistic you can find in the book, Affluenza: How overconsumption is killing us--and how to fight back, where it states that â₠¬Å"70 percent of us visit malls each week, more than attended houses of worship† (15). Shopping has become so convenient in recent years due to online stores, as well as the growing number of shopping centers, that it’s become a problem. Kalle Lasn, co-founderRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Affluenza How Overconsumption Is Killing Us1250 Words   |  5 Pagesup with the Joneses† whether it is from advertisement, longer shopping hours, or multiple other factors. A surprising statistic you can find in the book, Affluenza: How overconsumption is killing us--and how to fight back, where it states that â€Å"70 percent of us visit malls each week, more than attended houses of worship† (15). Shopping has become so convenient in recent years due to online stores, as well as the growing number of shopping centers, that it’s become a problem. Kalle Lasn, co-founder